Abstract: To study the seismic performance of CFST composite column-reinforced concrete beam joints, this paper designs and fabricates test specimens of CFST column-reinforced concrete beam joints and CFST composite column-reinforced concrete beam joints based on the equivalent principle of column section bending stiffness. Low-cycle reciprocating loading tests are conducted on these specimens to compare and analyze seismic performance indicators, such as failure modes, load-displacement curves, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, load-bearing capacity, and ductility of the two types of specimens. The results show that the primary failure mode for both types of joints is bending failure in the plastic hinge region of the beam. The failure phenomena mainly involve concrete crushing, spalling, and steel reinforcement yielding. The ultimate load and displacement of the composite column joint are slightly lower than those of the steel tube column joint. The equivalent viscous damping coefficients of the two joints are 0.18 and 0.25, respectively, and the ductility coefficients are 4.61 and 6.20, indicating that the composite column joint, with its unique structural advantages, reduces the amount of beam shear reinforcement. Compared to the steel tube column joint, it enhances the energy dissipation capacity and ductility of the joint while improving construction efficiency and connection reliability.