Abstract: In this paper, a building vulnerability analysis model in southern Sichuan is established by using the method of mainly statistical analysis of seismic hazards and supplemented by numerical simulation. Firstly, through field investigation, the structural characteristics and seismic damage characteristics of civil, brick wood, brick concrete and frame residential buildings are summarized and analyzed. Then, the investigation results of the damage proportion of these four types of buildings are extracted and counted from the seismic damage related data of buildings in the historical earthquake in southern Sichuan, and the empirical vulnerability matrix of various structures is obtained. In view of the imperfect failure ratio of different structural types under different intensities, this paper uses the beta distribution probability density function fitting method to improve the vulnerability matrix of residential buildings. Finally, the vulnerability curves of various structures under different intensities are further fitted, which provides a scientific basis for pre earthquake risk assessment and post earthquake disaster damage assessment in this area.