Empirical Study on Location-allocation Optimization of Disaster Shelters: A Case Study of Shandong Rongcheng

With the goal of minimizing the total evacuation distance, this article develops a P-median model suitable for the location-allocation optimization of earthquake and typhoon disasters. An heuristic algorithm was applied to derive solutions. Moreover, the population configuration gap for each shelter was calculated in different scenarios. An empirical study was carried out in Rongcheng of Shandong Province as an example. The results show that: From only using earthquake type, only using typhoon type to using all shelters at the same time, 61, 125 and 158 shelters were selected respectively. The average number of residential sites served by a single shelter was 15.79, 7.70 and 6.09, respectively. The average distance of shelter was 3 790.24 m, 2 905.34 m and 2 300.02 m, respectively. The spatial distribution of shelters is extremely uneven, and the areas with large population configuration gaps are mainly concentrated in the northern and southern regions. Therefore, short-term and long-term planning and construction goals are recommended which can provide a certain decision-making basis for the planning of disaster shelters in Rongcheng City.