Abstract: Basic data of residential area can provide spatial and attribute information about buildings, roads, in residential area. Taking Urumqi area as an example, this study attempts to use residential area as the basic unit to study the distribution of trapped population in earthquake and the corresponding rescue policies. This research assesses the trapped probability of population under the intensity of Ⅶ-Ⅹ. Results show that the analysis based on residential area is more conducive to making context-specific earthquake emergency policies. In addition, this study analyzes the influential factors of earthquake emergency of residential area with different types, discusses the impact of "Comfortable Housing Project" on the traditional view of "small earthquake damage rural areas more than city and big earthquake damage city more than rural area."