Abstract: Based on 1852 surveys of typical rural housing structures in 49 Administrative Villages in China's Hebei province, this paper introduces the main structure of our typical rural houses, evaluates the actual earthquake resistance capability and the existing problems from the following several aspects:construction time,appearance, internal quality and building materials etc. In the end, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed on how to improve seismic performance on the basis of two perspectives:improving the design and construction of housing in rural areas and enhancing public awareness of earthquake prevention and disaster alleviation. The results of the study may provide basic research information and reference for our country rural residential construction and reinforcement.